1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved fraction of
selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non-filtrated drinking water using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS). The applicability of the method to other types of water like fresh waters
(e.g. ground water, surface water) or treated wastewater can be validated separately
for each individual case.
For each target compound both, eventually occurring branched isomers and the respective
non-branched isomer, are quantified together. The selected set of substances determined
by this method is representative for a wide variety of PFAS. This method has been validated for the analytes specified in Table 1. The list given in this table can be modified depending on the purpose and focus
of the method. The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the
sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the samples. For many substances
to which this document applies a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 ng/l can be achieved.
Using high volume direct injection as described in part A or SPE as described in part B
of the method allows lower LOQs. Analytical limitations can occur with short-chain
PFAS or PFAS with more than ten carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Actual LOQs can depend on the
blank values realized by individual laboratories as well.
NOTE This document enables the analysis of those 20 PFAS which are listed in point 3 of Part B of Annex III of the EU Drinking Water Directive, EU 2020/2184 [4], for the surveillance of the parametric limit value of 0,10 µg/l for the sum of PFAS.
Furthermore, alternatives and substitutes for these PFAS substances can be analysed using this document as well.
Table 1
—
Analytes for which a determination was validated in accordance with this method
| Analyte | IUPAC name a ) | Formula | Abbreviation | CAS-RN b ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perfluoro-n-butanoic acid | 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutanoic acid | C4HF7O2 | PFBA | 375–22–4 |
| Perfluoro-n- pentanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoropentanoic acid | C5HF9O2 | PFPeA | 2706–90–3 |
| Perfluoro-n- hexanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Undecafluorohexanoic acid | C6HF11O2 | PFHxA | 307–24–4 |
| Perfluoro-n- heptanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Tridecafluoroheptanoic acid | C7HF13O2 | PFHpA | 375–85–9 |
| Perfluoro-n- octanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid | C8HF15O2 | PFOA | 335–67–1 |
| Perfluoro-n- nonanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Heptadecafluorononanoic acid | C9HF17O2 | PFNA | 375–95–1 |
| Perfluoro-n- decanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10, 10,10-Nonadecafluorodecanoic acid |
C10HF19O2 | PFDA | 335–76–2 |
| Perfluoro-n- undecanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10, 10,11,11,11-Heneicosafluoroundecanoic acid |
C11HF21O2 | PFUnDA | 2058–94–8 |
| Perfluoro-n- dodecanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-Tricosafluorododecanoic acid | C12HF23O2 | PFDoDA | 307–55–1 |
| Perfluoro-n- tridecanoic acid |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8, 9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12, 13,13,13-Pentacosa-fluorotridecanoic acid | C13HF25O2 | PFTrDA | 72629–94–8 |
| Perfluoro-n- butanesulfonic acid |
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid | C4HF9O3S | PFBS | 375–73–5 |
| Perfluoro-n- pentanesulfonic acid |
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-Undecafluoropentane-1-sulfonic acid | C5HF11O3S | PFPeS | 2706–91–4 |
| Perfluoro-n- hexanesulfonic acid |
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid | C6HF13O3S | PFHxS | 355–46–4 |
| Perfluoro-n- heptanesulfonic acid |
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Pentadecafluoroheptane-1-sulfonic acid | C7HF15O3S | PFHpS | 375–92–8 |
| Perfluoro-n- octanesulfonic acid |
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid | C8HF17O3S | PFOS | 1763–23–1 |
| Perfluoro-n- nonanesulfonic acid |
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Nonaadecafluorononane-1-sulfonic acid | C9HF19O3S | PFNS | 68259–12–1 |
| Perfluoro-n- decanesulfonic acid |
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heneicosafluorodecane-1-sulfonic acid | C10HF21O3S | PFDS | 335–77–3 |
| Perfluoro-n-undecanesulfonic acid | 1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8, 9,9,10,10,11,11,11-Tricosafluoroundecane-1-sulfonic acid | C11HF23O3S | PFUnDS | 749786-16-1 |
| Perfluoro-n-dodecanesulfonic acid | 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-Pentacosafluorododecane-1-sulfonic acid | C12HF25O3S | PFDoDS | 79780-39-5 |
| Perfluoro-n-tridecanesulfonic acid | 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,13-Heptacosafluorotridecane-1-sulfonic acid | C13HF27O3S | PFTrDS | 791563-89-8 |
| 4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Nonafluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid | C6H5F9O3S | 4:2 FTSA | 757124–72–4 |
| 6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid | C8H5F13O3S | 6:2 FTSA | 27619–97–2 |
| 8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10, 10-Heptadecafluorodecane-1-sulfonic acid |
C10H5F17O3S | 8:2 FTSA | 39108–34–4 |
| Perfluorooctanesulfonamide | 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluoro-1-octanesulfonamide | C8H2F17NO2S | FOSA | 754–91–6 |
| N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid | 2-[Ethyl(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctylsulfonyl) amino]acetic acid |
C12H8F17NO4S | EtFOSAA | 2991–50–6 |
| Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid | 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid | C6HF11O3 | HFPO-DA | 13252–13–6 |
| 4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid | 2,2,3-Trifluoro-3-[1,1, 2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(tri-fluoromethoxy)propoxy] propanoic acid |
C7H2F12O4 | DONA | 919005–14–4 |
| Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid | 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)pro-panoic acid | C4HF7O3 | PFMPA (PF4OPeA) | 377–73–1 |
| 9-Chlorohexa-decafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid | 2-(6-Chloro-1,1,2,2, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodeca-fluorohexoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid | C8HClF16O4S | 9Cl-PF3ONS | 73606–19–6 |