Eurocode 4. Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General rules and rules for bridges

Eurocode 4. Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General rules and rules for bridges

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Section 1   General

1.1   Scope

1.1.1   Scope of Eurocode 4

  1. (1) Eurocode 4 applies to the design of composite structures and members for buildings and civil engineering works. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990:2002 – Basis of structural design.
  2. (2) Eurocode 4 is concerned only with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of composite structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered.
  3. (3) Eurocode 4 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
    EN 1990 Basis of structural design
    EN 1991 Actions on structures
    ENs, hENs, ETAGs and ETAs for construction products relevant for composite structures
    EN 1090 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures
    EN 13670 Execution of concrete structures
    EN 1992 Design of concrete structures
    EN 1993 Design of steel structures
    EN 1997 Geotechnical design
    EN 1998 Design of structures for earthquake resistance
  4. (4) Eurocode 4 is subdivided in various parts:
    Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
    Part 1-2: Structural fire design
    Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges.

1.1.2   Scope of Part 1-1 of Eurocode 4

  1. (1) Part 1-1 of Eurocode 4 gives a general basis for the design of composite structures together with specific rules for buildings.
  2. (2) The following subjects are dealt with in Part 1-1:
    Section 1: General
    Section 2: Basis of design
    Section 3: Materials
    Section 4: Durability
    Section 5: Structural analysis
    Section 6: Ultimate limit states
    Section 7: Serviceability limit states
    Section 8: Composite joints in frames for buildings
    Section 9: Composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting for buildings

1.1.3   Scope of Part 2 of Eurocode 4

  1. (1) Part 2 of Eurocode 4 gives design rules for steel-concrete composite bridges or members of bridges, additional to the general rules in EN 1994‑1‑1. Cable stayed bridges are not fully covered by this part.
  2. (2) The following subjects are dealt with in Part 2:
    Section 1: General
    Section 2: Basis of design
    Section 3: Materials
    Section 4: Durability
    Section 5: Structural analysis
    Section 6: Ultimate limit states
    Section 7: Serviceability limit states
    Section 8: Decks with precast concrete slabs
    Section 9: Composite plates in bridges
(3) Provisions for shear connectors are given only for welded headed studs.

NOTE Reference to guidance for other types of shear connectors may be given in the National Annex.

Second Generation of EN Eurocode Standards

The second generation of EN Eurocode standards is expected to be published between 2023 and 2026. These documents are being published as soon as they are available, to enable users to prepare for the transition from the first generation to second generation of Eurocodes. As set out in the National foreword of the BS EN second generation Eurocodes, UK adoptions of the first generation of Eurocodes will be withdrawn by BSI on 30 March 2028. That means there is a period of coexistence between 2023 and 2028 during which both first and second generation Eurocodes are available.

Until 30 March 2028, the first generation documents should be considered as the applicable standards for buildings and civil engineering works constructed in the UK unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority or in the specification for a particular project. While the use of provisions in second generation Eurocodes in conjunction with first generation Eurocodes is not precluded, it should be undertaken with care and should only be done when users are satisfied that it will not result in a lower level of reliability than the minimum level set in the first generation Eurocodes and associated UK National Annexes.